Mythology of Tara

Tara, a widely known figure in both Hindu and Buddhist traditions, is more than just a deity; she’s a symbol of compassion, wisdom, and liberation. Her stories, often called tara legends, span across different cultures and centuries, showing her many sides—from a fierce protector to a gentle guide. This article will look into where these stories come from, what makes Tara special, and how she’s pictured in art and ancient writings. We’ll also explore some of the most famous tales about her and the places where people worship her.

Key Takeaways

• Tara’s origins mix Hindu and Buddhist ideas, with early stories about the sage Vashistha and her appearance in Buddhist teachings.
• Tara is known as the “Mother of Liberation” and stands for kindness and smarts. She can be fierce like a Dakini but also kind like a Bodhisattva.
• She looks a lot like Kali but is usually blue, not black. There are eight main forms of Tara, each with its own look and purpose.
• Ancient Hindu texts like the Puranas and various Tantric writings talk about Tara, detailing her powers and worship.
• In Buddhist traditions, Tara is seen as a Bodhisattva, helping and guiding people through her many different forms.

Origins of Tara Legends

Vashistha’s Worship of Tara

The story goes that the sage Vashistha initially struggled quite a bit when he tried to worship Tara. It wasn’t a smooth process at all. The Rudrayāmala describes his initial, unsuccessful attempts. Eventually, he met Vishnu in the form of Buddha in Mahācīna (Tibet). Only then, through kaula rites, did he finally succeed. It’s a tale of perseverance, really. It highlights that even great sages face challenges and need to find the right path to connect with the divine. This part of the legend is important because it shows that Tara worship wasn’t always straightforward.

Tara’s Emergence in Buddhist Tradition

Tara is a big deal in Buddhism, especially in Mahayana and Vajrayana traditions. She’s often called the "Mother of Liberation" and "the mother of all Buddhas." She embodies compassion, wisdom, and protection. Her rise in Buddhism wasn’t just a random event; it was a gradual process. She is seen as the female manifestation of Avalokiteshvara, which is a key aspect of her role as a guardian and mentor. Each form of Tara has its own special powers to help people in different ways. It’s like she’s got a whole toolkit of spiritual assistance.

Syncretism in Tara’s Beliefs

Tara’s origins are likely a mix of beliefs tied to Bhīmā or Nīlā in Oḍḍiyāna. This area had both Buddhist and possibly Taoist influences. The blending of Shaivist and Buddhist practices created a good environment for the development of Tara traditions. The pleasant forms of Tara were popular among Buddhists, while the Bhīmā-Ekajaṭā cult was mainly popular among Shaivas. Eventually, it merged into Vajrayana Buddhism. Vashistha reintroduced it from Mahācīna, which is thought to be near Kailasa and Lake Manasarovar. This syncretism of beliefs is what makes Tara such a fascinating figure.

Tara-related beliefs are probably an amalgamation of the beliefs linked to Bhīmā or Nīlā in the geographical region of Oḍḍiyāna which has experienced Buddhist and possibly Taoist influence. The syncretism between Shaivist and Buddhist cults created a congenial atmosphere for the formation of the traditions of Tārā, both a Hindu and a Buddhist goddess. Her pleasant forms were popular amongst the Buddhists, while the cult of Bhīmā-Ekajaṭā was popular mainly amongst the Shaivas, from whom it merged into Vajrayana Buddhism until it was reintroduced by Vasiṣtha from Mahācīna, which is identified on the basis of the Śaktisaṅgamatantra as a small geographical entity between Kailasa, South East of the lake Manasarovar and near Lake Rakshas Tal, or alternatively located somewhere in Central Asia.

Key Attributes of Tara

Mother of Liberation

Tara is often called the "Mother of Liberation," and it’s a title she’s earned. She embodies the idea of freeing beings from suffering and the cycle of rebirth. It’s not just about personal freedom, but about helping everyone else achieve it too. She’s like that friend who’s always pushing you to be your best self, but with a divine twist.

Symbol of Compassion and Wisdom

Tara isn’t just about being nice; she’s got the brains to back it up. She represents both compassion and wisdom, a powerful combo. It’s not enough to feel bad for people; you also need to know how to help them. She’s the embodiment of that perfect balance. Think of her as the ultimate problem-solver, using both her heart and her head.

Dakini Fierceness and Bodhisattva Kindness

Tara is a complex figure, blending seemingly opposite qualities. She has the fierceness of a Dakini, a powerful, sometimes wrathful, female spirit, and the kindness of a Bodhisattva, someone who delays their own enlightenment to help others. This combination means she’s not afraid to get tough when necessary, but her ultimate goal is always compassion. It’s like having a superhero who’s both a warrior and a healer. The Tara’s quest is a testament to her dedication.

It’s interesting how Tara manages to be both gentle and strong. It shows that true compassion isn’t just about being nice all the time; sometimes, you need to be firm to help people grow. It’s a lesson we can all learn from.

Here are some ways she embodies these qualities:

• She confronts negativity head-on.
• She offers comfort and support to those in need.
• She guides people towards enlightenment with both wisdom and love.

She is also associated with wisdom and spiritual intuition.

Iconography and Forms of Tara

Similarities with Kali

It’s interesting how much overlap there is in the imagery of Tara and Kali. Both deities are often depicted standing on a corpse, which is sometimes identified as Shiva. While Kali is usually shown as black, Tara is typically blue. Both goddesses are scantily clad, though there are differences: Tara wears a tiger-skin skirt, while Kali is often shown with a girdle of severed human arms. They both sport a garland of severed heads, and their tongues loll out, with blood dripping from their mouths. The visual similarities can make it easy to confuse the two at first glance.

Distinctive Physical Characteristics

Tara is often described as fierce, holding a kartrī (knife), khaḍga (sword), chamara (fly-whisk), or indivara (lotus). She often has a single matted braid. In some depictions, she’s dark-complexioned, tall, and pot-bellied, wearing tiger pelts. Her left foot rests on a corpse, while her right foot is on a lion or between the corpse’s thighs. A terrifying laugh is part of her persona. She stands in the pratyalidha stance, with her left foot forward. Her Bhairava (consort) is Akshobhya, a form of Shiva depicted as a naga (serpent) coiled around her matted hair. She wears a crown made of five skulls connected with plates of bone. You can find a Green Tara statue depicting her heroic nature.

Eight Attested Forms of Tara

Over time, Tara has manifested in many forms to guide people with different personalities and inclinations. Each form has unique attributes and powers. The Māyātantra, quoted in the Tantrasāra, mentions eight forms:

• Ekajaṭa
• Ugra-Tara
• Mahogra
• Kameshvari-Tara
• Chamunda
• Nila-Sarasvati (Neelasaraswati or ‘Blue Saraswati’)
• Vajra-Tara
• Bhadrakali

Tara, before becoming known as a Bodhisattva, was a Dakini, an important figure in Tibetan Buddhism and Vajrayana tradition. Dakinis are known for their supernatural abilities to create and destroy, change form, and roam freely. Despite these powers, Tara prioritized liberation from suffering for herself and others.

Some forms, like Ugra-Tara, are worshipped in both Hindu and Buddhist traditions. The sādhanā described by Śāśvatavajra is included in the Buddhist collection Sādhanāśatapañcāśikā and quoted in tantric manuals like the Bṛhat-tantrasāra, with some differences in iconography and interpretation between the two religions. The Fly-whisk is one of the objects she is often depicted holding. The garland of severed human heads is another common element in her iconography.

Tara in Hindu Scriptures

Mentions in Puranas

Tara appears in some Puranas, though not as prominently as some other deities. The Devi Bhagavata Purana mentions that Tara’s favorite place is China. It also notes that Svarocisha Manu worshipped her on the banks of the Yamuna River. These mentions, though brief, establish her presence within the broader Hindu mythological landscape.

Descriptions in Kalika Purana

The Kalika Purana references Tara in its 61st, 79th, and 80th chapters. While the exact details of these references can vary, they generally relate to her role as a powerful goddess and her association with tantric practices. I’d need to check the specific verses to give you a more detailed summary, but it’s cool that she gets a shout-out in multiple spots. It’s like finding Easter eggs in a video game, but with ancient texts.

Tantric Texts Featuring Tara

Tantric texts are where Tara really shines in Hinduism. Several texts are dedicated to her worship and practices. These include:

• Tārātantra
• Brahmayāmala
• Rudrayāmala
• Nīlatantra/Bṛhannīlatantra
• Nīlasarasvatītantra

These texts, along with tantric compendia like Tantrasara by Agamavagisha, Prāṇatoṣiṇī, Tārābhaktisudhārṇava by Narasiṃha Thakkura, and Tārārahasya by Brahmānanda Giri, provide detailed instructions on Tara worship, mantras, and rituals. They paint a picture of her as a powerful and complex deity, central to tantric traditions. It’s like a whole instruction manual on how to connect with her, if you’re into that sort of thing.

Tara-related beliefs are an amalgamation of beliefs linked to Bhīmā or Nīlā in the geographical region of Oḍḍiyāna which experienced Buddhist and possibly Taoist influence. The syncretism between Shaivist and Buddhist cults created a congenial atmosphere for the formation of the traditions of Tārā, both a Hindu and a Buddhist goddess. Her pleasant forms were popular amongst the Buddhists, while the cult of Bhīmā-Ekajaṭā was popular mainly amongst the Shaivas, from whom it merged into Vajrayana Buddhism until it was reintroduced by Vasiṣtha from Mahācīna.

Tara in Buddhist Traditions

Manifestation as Bodhisattva

In Buddhist traditions, Tara’s manifestation as a Bodhisattva is central to her identity. She embodies the compassionate activity of all Buddhas, vowing to assist beings in their journey toward enlightenment. She is not merely a symbolic figure but an active participant in the liberation of sentient beings. Her role as a Bodhisattva highlights her commitment to alleviating suffering and guiding individuals toward spiritual awakening. It’s a pretty big deal, actually.

Role as Guardian and Mentor

Tara serves as both a guardian and a mentor within Buddhist practices. She is often invoked for protection from various fears and obstacles, acting as a shield against both physical and spiritual dangers. As a mentor, she guides practitioners along the path to enlightenment, offering wisdom and support. Think of her as a spiritual bodyguard and life coach all rolled into one. She helps you stay safe and gives you advice. What’s not to like?

Here are some ways Tara acts as a guardian and mentor:

• Protection from fear and danger
• Guidance on the path to enlightenment
• Inspiration for compassion and wisdom
• Support in overcoming obstacles

Diverse Forms for Spiritual Guidance

Tara manifests in a multitude of forms, each tailored to address specific needs and inclinations of practitioners. These diverse forms, such as Green Tara and White Tara, each possess unique attributes and powers, offering a wide range of approaches to spiritual growth. This adaptability allows individuals to connect with Tara in a way that resonates with their personal journey. It’s like having a whole team of specialized helpers, each with their own unique skills. The compassionate act of Tara is really something.

It’s interesting how Tara’s different forms cater to different needs. Green Tara is often associated with active compassion and protection from fear, while White Tara is linked to longevity and healing. This variety allows practitioners to find a form that resonates with their personal aspirations and challenges, making her guidance more accessible and effective.

Different forms of Tara:

Form	Attribute	Benefit
Green Tara	Active compassion, protection from fear	Overcoming obstacles, inner peace
White Tara	Longevity, healing	Health, long life, wisdom
Red Tara	Magnetizing energy, power	Attracting positive influences, control
Black Tara	Fierce protection, destruction of evil	Removing negativity, spiritual strength

Notable Legends of Tara

Tara’s Birth from Avalokiteshvara’s Tears

One of the most well-known stories tells of Tara’s origin from the tears of Avalokiteshvara, the bodhisattva of compassion. Moved by the immense suffering in the world, Avalokiteshvara wept, and from his tears, a lotus flower emerged. From this lotus, Tara was born. This legend highlights Tara as the embodiment of compassion and her role as a helper to those in need.

This narrative is a powerful symbol of how compassion can give rise to new hope and possibilities. It illustrates Tara’s essence as a divine manifestation of love and mercy, offering solace and guidance to those who seek it.

Tara’s Quest for Buddhahood

Another significant legend focuses on Tara’s unwavering determination to achieve Buddhahood. Unlike some who sought enlightenment in male forms, Tara vowed to always be reborn as a woman until she attained complete enlightenment. This vow showcases her courage and commitment to helping all beings, regardless of gender. It’s a pretty inspiring story, honestly. It shows that anyone can achieve enlightenment, no matter who they are.

Here are some key aspects of her quest:

• Unwavering Vow: Tara’s promise to be reborn as a woman.
• Compassionate Action: Her dedication to helping others.
• Symbol of Equality: Challenging traditional views on enlightenment.

Tara’s Relationship with Brihaspati

There’s also a story about Tara’s connection with Brihaspati, the guru of the gods. In this tale, Tara becomes associated with the moon god, Chandra, leading to conflicts and dramatic events. This legend explores themes of devotion, power, and the complexities of divine relationships. It’s a bit like a soap opera with gods and goddesses, full of twists and turns. It’s interesting how these stories blend different aspects of Hindu and Buddhist mythology. You can even find luxury chauffeur services that will take you to the temples where these stories are told.

Geographical Significance in Tara Legends

Tarapith as a Center of Worship

Tarapith, located in West Bengal, India, stands out as a major center for Tara worship. The temple here, along with the cremation ground, holds immense significance for devotees. It’s a place where the goddess is actively worshipped, and it draws many people seeking blessings and spiritual fulfillment. The area itself is steeped in stories and traditions related to Tara, making it a focal point for her followers.

Mahacina and Tara’s Origins

The legends surrounding Tara often point to a region called Mahacina as a place of origin. Some texts identify Mahacina as being near Mount Kailash and Lake Manasarovar, while others suggest a location somewhere in Central Asia. This geographical ambiguity adds an element of mystery to Tara’s beginnings. It’s interesting how different interpretations place her origins in such varied locations, showing the broad reach of her influence.

Tara’s Presence in China

Tara’s presence isn’t limited to India and its immediate surroundings; she also has a notable presence in China. Some scriptures even mention China as Tara’s favorite place. This connection highlights the spread of Tara’s worship beyond its initial roots, integrating into different cultural contexts. It’s a testament to her adaptability and the universal appeal of her qualities, like compassion and wisdom. The Hill of Tara is a place of great importance.

The geographical spread of Tara’s legends shows how her worship has adapted and been embraced across different cultures. From the tantric practices in India to her presence in China, Tara’s story is one of cultural exchange and integration. This wide distribution underscores her importance as a deity who transcends geographical boundaries.

Here are some key locations associated with Tara:

• Tarapith (India)
• Mahacina (Central Asia/Tibet)
• China

Want to know more about how places shaped the stories of Tara? Head over to our site for a deeper dive into the fascinating connection between geography and these ancient tales.

The Enduring Legacy of Tara

So, that’s a quick look at Tara, a figure who really stands out in different spiritual traditions. From her beginnings in ancient stories to her many forms today, she’s always been about compassion and helping people. It’s pretty interesting how she shows up in various ways, but the main idea of her being a protector and a guide stays the same. Her story reminds us that even in tough times, there’s always a path to peace and understanding. She’s definitely a powerful symbol that continues to inspire a lot of people around the world.

Frequently Asked Questions

Who is Tara?

Tara is a very important goddess in both Hindu and Buddhist beliefs. In Hinduism, she’s one of the ten Mahavidyas, which are powerful wisdom goddesses. In Buddhism, especially Mahayana and Vajrayana, she’s seen as a Bodhisattva, a being who helps others reach enlightenment. She’s known for her compassion and wisdom.

Why is Tara called the “Mother of Liberation”?

Tara is often called the “Mother of Liberation” because she helps people break free from suffering and achieve spiritual freedom. She’s also known as the “mother of all Buddhas,” showing her deep connection to enlightenment and compassion.

How did Tara come into being?

One famous story says Tara was born from the tears of Avalokiteshvara, a Bodhisattva of compassion. When he saw all the suffering in the world, he cried, and from his tears, a lotus flower appeared, and Tara emerged from it. This shows her role in bringing comfort and hope.

What does Tara look like?

Tara is often shown with a blue color, standing on a body, similar to the goddess Kali. However, Tara usually has a tiger-skin skirt and a crown made of skulls. She has a fierce look but also represents kindness and wisdom, balancing both strong and gentle qualities.

Is Tara mentioned in Hindu scriptures?

Yes, Tara is mentioned in several Hindu holy books, like the Puranas. The Kalika Purana, for example, talks about her fierce forms and her appearance. She’s also a big part of Tantric texts, which focus on spiritual practices to gain power and wisdom.

Where are the main places of worship for Tara?

Tarapith in West Bengal, India, is a very important place for worshipping Tara. It’s a famous temple and cremation ground. Another legend links her origins to a place called Mahacina, which some think might be in Tibet or Central Asia, showing her reach across different cultures.